Operational Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Operational Plan - Essay Example The name of the company selected for this report is Herbal Tea. The company belongs to the beverage industry and sub-industry, which is non-alcoholic beverages and serves herbal tea brands such as, green tea and organic tea. The overall business of Herbal Tea will include sourcing, manufacturing, packaging, distribution and marketing of Herbal Tea products. Organisation size: During launch of the company, size of the organization is expected to be 500, including executive and non-executive board of directors. However, with expansion of operations, Herbal Tea is expected to double its business size in five years time. Services and products offered: The major products of Herbal Tea will include branded green tea, organic tea, exported tea and exclusive red tea. All these brands will be available in several product variants differing in flavor and herbal properties. The brands of Herbal Tea will also be distinguished in terms of their health benefits. Besides above product offerings, Herbal Tea will also provide online consultation for health-enthusiastic customers. â€Å"To source, distribute and promote best quality Herbal Tea with continuous commitment of incorporating sustainable and ethical development and growth, increasing value to stakeholder as well as promoting corporate practices that respects and protects the Earth and environment in the best manner.† Herbal Tea believes in conducting business in a manner, which is both planet and people friendly. The company will give critical importance to corporate social responsibility and environmental activities will be at the core of Herbal Tea strategy, apart from providing high quality tea. Herbal tea is committed to provide natural and healthy variants of tea, which are affordable and accessible to target customers. The health and overall well-being of consumers is main priority of Herbal Tea and every decision

The Concept Of Libel Essay Example for Free

The Concept Of Libel Essay This thesis seeks to look at the constituents of libel and distinguished from slander. The paper shall therefore begin by laying down a definition of the term libel and later look at the key elements that ought to be proved in a libel suit in reference to the New York Times Co. V. Suillivan suit and lastly look at the defenses that exist and the place of press ombudsman in handling libel cases. The laws of different jurisdictions have laid down distinctions between libel (a written defamation) and/or slander (an oral defamation). This thesis looks into defamation indepthly. Defamation has been defined in general terms as a communication which exposes a person to hatred, ridicule, or contempt, lowers such persons esteem, causes him to be shunned or injures him in his business or calling. (Phelps and Hamilton; 1966). It is therefore any written communication that holds a person up to contempt hatred, ridicule or scorn, thus in establishing a case of libel, one must proof that words published actually damaged the reputation of the person. (Roger V. Jackson Sun Newspaper 23 M. L. R. 1670 [1995]) and that at lease a significant minority of the community belief that as a result of these publications the plaintiff has been damaged. (Saudner V. WHYY TV, 382 A 2d. 257, [1998]). Injury that amounts from Libel is viewed in numerous ways. The injury may be as to have only hurt the reputation or it may have lowered ones reputation as to deprive them off their rights to enjoy social contacts. On the other hand, a person’s ability to hold a job or make a living may also be injured. (Yankwich; 1956) A person thus needs to show that they have been injured in one of the three ways for compensations to occur in libel suits. The institution of civil action for libel can be brought by any person however in instances where such persons die, it is a general principle that libel suits can not proceed or be instituted. However, the enactment of survival statutes in some jurisdictions has enabled relatives to proceed with such suits in instances where the plaintiff dies. In examining the locus standi of incorporated business they are entitled to actions for libel, however, cities, countries and agencies for the American government and governments the general can not excise loci standi in libel quite (City of Chicago . v. tribune publishing co. 139 n. e. 2d 86 [1923]) . The concept of burden of proof heavily lies on the plaintiff in libel cases. He must establish five key element of which this section shall delve into briefly before the law recognizes a statement and /or comment as being civil libel, it must be published According to law, publication occurs when one person, in addition to the writer and person who is defamed hear or see the material. Oftenly publication in newspapers or broadcast on television is presumed to have been disclosed to third parties. (Hornby. v. Hunter 385 S. W 2d 473 [1964]). Secondly the injured party must show the court that the exclusion of his name on the list of his best selling book was defamatory was held not to have validity as it had not specified his name in the list. The plaintiff must therefore be identified in the New York Times . v. Sullivan; the Montgomery police commissioner sought damages for false defamatory statement about the conduct of the Montgomery police department though he was never named in the ad. He contended that the comments on behavior of police also reflected on him. It was however established that plaintiff fell under the definition of all-purpose public figure whose job occupation is that of pervasive power and influence they are deemed public figures. Thirdly the examination of words as to constitute defamatory language is of essence . In libel cases, words are ordinarily considered in light of their ordinary meaning unless the evidence is persuasive as to show that the defendant meant something else(Mc Bride . v. Mewell Dow). Libel plaintiff must generally prove that the defamatory statements are false. This concept of falsity however differs with regards to public and private entities. In this case, if the plaintiff is a private person, they must prove the falsity of the libelous statement only when the subject matter is a matter of public concern (Philadelphia news paper Inc. v. Hepps). In the new York Times Co. v. Sullivan, the US court unanimously reversed the decision in this case stating that Sullivan could not recover damages in the case unless he proved that the defendant published false and defamatory advertisement knowingly or that the paper exhibited reckless disregard for the truth when it printed the material. The proof of reckless disregard for the truth was established in Garrison. v. Louisiana , by proving that the defendant had a high degree of awareness of probable falsity. The defenses that lie within a libel suit fall under the enactment of the first Amendment that establish the freedom for airing one’s opinion. However a person cannot also sue for libel if he or she has consented to the publication of the defamatory material (Pressley. v. Continental Can co. ). In another case, defense falls under the concept of right to reply which is mostly interpreted as a self-defense concept where if a person has written defamatory statements about another party, such party may reply in defense. Reference: American Law Institute: 379 U. S. 64(1964). Restatement of Tort 2 ed, Philadelphia American Law. Ashley, P. Say it safely. 5th ed. Seuttle University of Washington Press 1976. D,H. B. Libel law Doesn’t Work. But can it be fixed and in what price? Libel law and freedom of the press; Marton. L. New York(1993). Phelps, Robert, and Douglas Hamilton, Libel. New York:Macmillan 1966. Sinolla,Rodney. Suing the Press, New York: Oxford University Press,1986.

The History Of Extreme Programming

The History Of Extreme Programming Extreme Programming (XP) is a software engineering methodology that has been formulated in 1996 by Kent Beck. It is a lightweight development methodology, XP is one of several popular agile processes. XP has received fair media attention, and is most renowned for its practices that are sometimes regarded as controversial, such as pair programming and test-driven development. It has already been proven to be very successful because it reaches to the customer satisfaction. Instead of delivering everything at the same time the XP focus on some date far in the future, this process delivers the software you need as you need it, in other words Extreme Programming empowers the developers to confidently respond to changing customer requirements, even late in the project development life cycle. The philosophy of Extreme Programming is teamwork, in other words Managers, Customers and Developers are all equal partners in a collaborative team. The implement is simple regarding Extreme Programmin g, yet effective environment enabling teams to become productive. XP is built on four values: Communication: Extreme programmers constantly communicate with their customers and fellow programmers. Simplicity: The keep their design simple and clean. Feedback: They get feedback by testing their software starting on day one Courage/ Respect: They deliver the system to the customers as early as possible and implement changes as suggested. Every small success deepens their respect for the unique contributions of each and every team member. The main differences with Extreme Programming is that it accepts that humans are imperfect and builds a process that not only accepts progressive elaboration, but makes this reality a central theme to all of its other practices. There is also recognition that the proscribed practices in the real world can be very challenging, to overcome this difficulty the practices interlock and complement each other. With this tools that have been mention the Extreme Programming are able to courageously respond to changing requirements and technology. Figure1: Extreme Programming Overview [1] http://www.extremeprogramming.org/ 12 practices of Kent Beck used in an XP project: There are strong relationships between XP and its practices. Without practices its not XP, and without practicing the practices of XP it cannot deliver benefits. Figure2: Dependencies between the 12 practices of XP 1) Planning Game: This is focused on determining requirements details. The customers and developers are both part of this. In a planning game the customers and the developers sit in a room together. They make plans for software releases and iterations together, identifying each role clearly. Planning game involves the making of story cards from each users point of view and splitting each story into task cards for individual developers then they make plans that take into consideration the volume of work and the schedule based on these cards. 2) Small Releases: In small releases developers put quickly a simple system into production, and then release new versions in a very short time. 3) Metaphor: In metaphor, developers in the team share story or understandings about how their programs work. 4) Simple Design: The system should be designed as simply as possible at any given moment. Keep code simple and extra complexity is removed as soon as it is discovered. Always keep in mind the principle of YAGNI (You arent going to need it). 5) Testing Programmers continually write unit tests, which must run flawlessly for development to continue. Customers define test cases for system releases. 6) Refactoring: Without changing their behavior, improve the internal structures of programs. 7) Pair Programming: Production code which is actually used in the final product, is written with the celebration of two programmers at same machine. 8) Collective Ownership: Programming code is the property of few programmers it owned by the team collectively, and anyone can change code anywhere and at anytime. 9) Continuous Integration: Integrate and build the system many times in a day, every time a task is implemented. 10) 40-hour Week: This is the rule of XP that no work more than 40 hours. Never work overtime a second week in a row. 11) On-site Customer: In whole project include a real, live user on the team who is available fulltime on site to answer questions. 12) Coding Standards: Programmers write common rules to standardize coding styles in the team. XP has 4 basic activities, coding, testing, listening and designing, which are conducted by five major roles, programmer, customer, tester, tracker, and coach. Iteration is a key concept in XP. The time constant in the different iterations range from seconds to months. Figure3: Planning/feedback loops in XP [2][3] http://www.acis.org.co/fileadmin/Curso_Memorias/Curso_CMMI_Sep06/Modulo%202%20-%20Product%20Engineering%20/xp_rup.pdf (Article: Analysis of the Interaction between Practices for Introducing XP Effectivel by Osamu Kobayashi and Mitsuyoshi Kawabata) Comparing two methodologies: Comparing two methodologies requires some form of empirical studies, The framework used is a combination of 2 established frameworks, one is Zachmans which consists of the 6 categories what, how, where, who, when and why and the 2nd one is Checklands framework is called CATWOE and has six other categories. CATWOE is the abbreviation of Client, Actor, Transformation, World view, Owner, Environment. In the following table I combine the frameworks an an order to utilize the strengths of both: zechman Checkland what Transformation why? World view when where? Environment how? who? Client, Actor, Owner 1) What? The Rational Unified Process (RUP) is an iterative software development process framework created by the Rational Software Corporation. The Rational Software Corporation was acquired by IBM in 2003. RUP is a thick methodology; the whole software design process is described with high detail. RUP has evolved in conjunction with the Unified Modeling Language (UML). RUP is designed for large software projects. On the other hand XP has its origins in practical applications in projects during the 1990s; it is formulated by Kent Beck. XP is a lightweight methodology and used for small to medium sized software development teams. XP is intended to meet the demands of a context with unclear and volatile requirements. XP is not a commercial methodology unlike RUP. The origin of RUP and XP are similar. Both methodologies based on experience from software engineering and are evolved during the same decade, although RUP is bit older in age. There are two different underlying philosophies behind RUP and XP. RUP takes to a large extent a technical management perspective while XP is uses in development staff. RUP describes the whole software design process with high detail; RUP is a very complex methodology and is difficult to comprehend for both project managers and project members. Therefore, it is not the most appropriate software design methodology for most small projects. While XP is originally designed for small to medium sized projects, The distribution of the methodologies is different; RUP is a commercial product, no open or free standard. Before RUP can be used, the RUP has to be bought from IBM as an electronic software and documentation package while XP is freeware methodology and every one can use it freely. 2)Why? I analyze advantages and disadvantages of RUP and XP from different perspectives like what is the financial, technical and social aspect of these methodologies on each other. 2.1) Financial: Financial issues of both RUP and XP are different. Rup is a commercial product not open or free standard and owned by IBM, one should buy RUP from IBM as an electronic software and documentation package then it is available to use while XP offers the freeware solution and open to use for everyone, which is financially an advantage. 2.2) Technical perspective When we compare these 2 methodologies from technical perspective, RUP provides the organization a large amount of development tools and documents. It is delivered online via the web, and updated in new releases, all information about the software development methodology is available at the project members fingertips. Also, the newest version of RUP is always present on the computer of each team member. On the other hand XP leads to simplicity it is more user friendly, it is not specific to a single tool but its depends on the user choice that which tool he wants to use and which to reject. 2.3) Social perspective: The social perspective of RUP and XP are also related to the commercial versus freeware discussion. The selection on of methodology is depends on the software development company requirements and needs. Small and medium size software development companies like to use XP because of its free availability on the other hand larger software development companies take interest to buying software licenses, and hence buying licenses for methodology is quite natural. Extent RUP includes a large amount of formal process paperwork, role description and documentation etc it is also because of these properties called heavy weight or thick methodology while XP is very lightweight or thin methodology, both in its presentation and in the practical applications. The following table shows the difference in extent of the RUP and XP, there all the roles of an XP project are presented, with their counterparts in RUP, constituting a small subset of the RUP roles. In total, RUP comprises more than 80 major artifacts, 150 activities and 40 roles. Team XP roles RUP roles Customer team Customer Requirements specifier System analyst Project manager Tracker Tester Test analyst Tester Test system administrator Development team Programmer Implementer Designer Integrator System administrator Coach In summary, RUP is a much more extensive methodology than XP, for good and for bad. [2]http://www.acis.org.co/fileadmin/Curso_Memorias/Curso_CMMI_Sep06/Modulo%202%20-%20Product%20Engineering%20/xp_rup.pdf Project drivers RUP is use case driven, i.e. descriptions of use of the system are implemented, and continuously integrated and tested. XP applies test-driven design, i.e. test case are derived and implemented before the code is written. XP has user stories to guide what to implement. These user stories are less extensive descriptions, compared to the RUP use cases, where the complete scenario for the interaction between the user and the system is defined. Regarding planning, both methodologies agree on that a complete project cannot be planned in detail. RUP proclaims continuous changes in the plans, while XP advocates planning only the very near future in detail.

The Welcome Ceremony: A Role :: essays research papers fc

The Welcome Ceremony is performed when visitors entering a village where they are expected usually find the ali'i and faipule waiting for them either outside or within a house. If the occasion is a very formal one, the whole village may have assembled in its various groups, matai, Pastors of different denominations, Women's Committee in distinctive uniforms, schools and young men and women. In this case, a arch of welcome will probably also have been constructed. The meeting house (fale fono) and other houses set aside for the adjustment of the party, are almost certain to have been carefully and beautifully decorated with leaves and flowers. In search of our topic, â€Å"The Welcome Ceremony,† also known in Samoan,†Usuga,† we put together the three categories that were given to us. We, as a group wanted our topic to relate to the theme, so we elaborated on our topic,† The Welcome Ceremony: A Role In Communication Between Different Villages, Environments and Agriculture.† Our topic if shortened,† The Welcome Ceremony,† is a ceremony performed to welcome visitors, its performed with hospitality, honor and respect. Most visitors find this ceremony pleasing and delightful. They admire the customs used, for instance: the sitting positions, the cultural greetings with High Rank Samoan Chiefs and Pastors(Faifeau) of different denomination and then manners taken place during the ceremony. We carried out our research by gathering sources from primary and secondary sources. We planned and gathered our sources with patience. Source of research were of interviews, internet access and brief readings. The category chosen to carry out our topic is, a Group Performance. Why a group performance? We want people to know and see in their own visual aid how the ceremony is performed. We also want to state for a fact that our generation knows what the ceremony is and the process of the performance. The topic being brought to life by the performers tells or sends the audience a message, telling them that we, the presenters, are interested in our topic. It also sends a message to the newcomers that our generation is bringing back the true meaning of our culture. We are reviving our Samoan culture. By doing so, we picked the performance category to show what we understand about our topic. The welcome ceremony: a role of communication between different villages, environments and agricultures; to us, it has a great relationship to this years theme. The Welcome ceremony has a lot of communicating actions and reactions.

Anthem Essay Outline

Is it due to error, incompetence, or a more sinister motivation? Explain. II. The Solution A. Objectivism 1 . Objectivism is the belief that certain things, especially moral truths, exist independently of human knowledge or perception of them. 2. Objectivism, as defined by Any Rand in the book Objectively Speaking is that man exists for his own sake, that he must neither sacrifice himself to there nor sacrifice others to himself and that his highest moral purpose is the achievement of his own happiness.This shows that man exists for himself and that his greatest value is the achievement of his own value, or happiness. Objectivism is a near synonym for individualism and a near opposite of collectivism. B. Collectivism 1 . The society portrayed in the novel Anthem is one where collectivism is the main form of government. The word â€Å"l† is destroyed and substituted for the words â€Å"us† or â€Å"we†. This shows that Collectivism is an evil which will create a d yspepsia society similar to the one described in Anthem. . Collectivism shows that people exist for the society and this causes jobs to issued not to the ones most skilled in the field but because of the need for the job in society. For example, in the novel Anthem Equality, a man with a high intelligence is given a small position or post of â€Å"street sweeper†. Here street sweeper, is one of the jobs society requires so goals can be reached and the needs of society are answered.Equality exhibits objectivism which is detailed in the previous paragraph, and because of this he is assigned this position. This shows the true purpose to why Equality is assigned this occupation. C. Freedom 1 . Another reason why the Council assigns Equality this loathsome occupation is because of Equality idea of freedom. This is frequented illustrated throughout the novel: â€Å"l do not surrender my treasures, nor do share them. The fortune of my spirit is not to be blown into coins of brass a nd flung to the

CysticFibrosis essays

CysticFibrosis essays WHAT IS CYSTIC FIBROSIS AND WHO DOES IT AFFECT: Every year, 1,000 children with cystic fibrosis are born in the United States. 1 in 3,000 Caucasian babies have the disorder, making Cystic Fibrosis one of the most common lethal genetic diseases in Caucasians. Overall, there are 30,000 Americans with Cystic Fibrosis, and an estimated 8 million people carry one copy of the defective gene that causes the disease. These carriers do not have symptoms of Cysitc Fibrosis, because a person must inherit t two defective gene's, one from each parent-to develop the disease. However, each child of two Cystic Fibrosis carriers has a one in four chance of being born with Cystic Fibrosis. You can now have test to identify couples at risk for having children with Cystic Fibrosis.Improved therapy has transformed Cystic Fibrosis from a disease, to a chronic illness, with most patients living to adulthood. But despite this progress, there still is no cure for the disease and most patients eventually will have infections of the airways and lung failure. Since the 1989 identification of the gene which is altered in Cystic Fibrosis, the pace of basic research has increased rapidly, and scientists hope to translate new knowledge about the molecule basis of the disease to new therapies to improve the lives of patients with this genetic disease. The National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases in partnership with other components of the National Institutes of Health and the Cystic Fibrosis Foundation, continues to foster research on the molecular processes contributing to CF, exploration of gene therapy to cure the disease, and efforts to develop other new and effective treatments. The greatest symptom of Cystic Fibrosis is the excessive production of thick, sticky mucus in the airways. Several factors may contr ...